Cultural Similarity

Prof. Dr. Jochen Roose
Institute for Sociology
Free University Berlin
Garystraße 55
D-14195 Berlin
Germany

Design von
David Glowsky

Cultural Similarity in Europe
according to the Index on Cultural Similarity

The Index on Cultural Similarity shows how culutrally similar the populations of two compared countries are. The value of the index has a range from 1 for maximum similarity to 0 for maximum dissimilarity.
The index is based on questions about values, which have been constructed according to the value dimensions suggested by Shalom Schwartz and implemented in the European Social Survey (ESS). For the construction of the index see here.

Index values are represented in two versions:

Ordered according to cultural similarity (see below)
Alphabetic order of country names

Ordering according to cultural similarity

Country 1	Country 2	Index value	Round of ESS used
UK	Ireland	0,914	2.
Luxembourg	Spain	0,906	2.
Germany	Luxembourg	0,882	2.
Italy	Turkey	0,873	2.
Belgium	Luxembourg	0,870	2.
Finland	Luxembourg	0,868	2.
Ireland	Spain	0,866	2.
Belgium	Spain	0,863	2.
UK	Spain	0,862	2.
Latvia	Russia	0,859	4.
Germany	Switzerland	0,850	2.
Germany	Austria	0,846	2.
Belgium	Switzerland	0,841	2.
Greek	Cyprus	0,838	4.
Netherlands	Sweden	0,831	2.
UK	Luxembourg	0,830	2.
Belgium	Austria	0,829	2.
Germany	Spain	0,822	2.
Luxembourg	Austria	0,819	2.
Belgium	Germany	0,813	2.
UK	Israel	0,810	1.
Belgium	France	0,809	2.
Belgium	UK	0,807	2.
Greek	Italy	0,807	2.
Ireland	Cyprus	0,805	3.
Israel	Portugal	0,803	1.
Greek	Turkey	0,802	2.
France	Luxembourg	0,802	2.
Poland	Slovakia	0,802	2.
Portugal	Spain	0,801	2.
Ireland	Luxembourg	0,801	2.
Russia	Ukraine	0,801	3.
Austria	Spain	0,797	2.
Ireland	Israel	0,796	1.
UK	Austria	0,795	2.
Luxembourg	Netherlands	0,795	2.
Austria	Switzerland	0,793	2.
Slovenia	Spain	0,791	2.
Russia	Slovakia	0,790	3.
Ireland	Slovakia	0,790	2.
Slovakia	Czech Republik	0,790	2.
Luxembourg	Switzerland	0,789	2.
Greek	Russia	0,788	4.
Russia	Czech Republik	0,787	4.
Greek	Ireland	0,786	2.
Portugal	Slovenia	0,780	2.
Spain	Czech Republik	0,778	2.
Germany	Croatia	0,777	4.
Croatia	Portugal	0,776	4.
Finland	Netherlands	0,775	2.
Croatia	Russia	0,775	4.
Romania	Ukraine	0,773	4.
Netherlands	Norway	0,773	2.
UK	Cyprus	0,773	3.
Slovakia	Spain	0,772	2.
Israel	Slovenia	0,770	1.
UK	Croatia	0,770	4.
Romania	Russia	0,769	4.
UK	Sweden	0,769	2.
Belgium	Slovenia	0,769	2.
Croatia	Poland	0,769	4.
Poland	Romania	0,768	4.
Estonia	Finland	0,768	2.
Germany	Finland	0,768	2.
Ireland	Poland	0,767	2.
UK	Netherlands	0,765	2.
Finland	Czech Republik	0,765	2.
Latvia	Hungary	0,764	4.
Belgium	Israel	0,762	1.
Belgium	Ireland	0,758	2.
Romania	Slovakia	0,757	4.
Belgium	Hungary	0,755	2.
Israel	Hungary	0,755	1.
Greek	Croatia	0,754	4.
Belgium	Sweden	0,754	2.
Italy	Slovakia	0,753	2.
Luxembourg	Portugal	0,753	2.
Switzerland	Spain	0,752	2.
Greek	Spain	0,751	2.
Ireland	Netherlands	0,750	2.
Luxembourg	Czech Republik	0,749	2.
Luxembourg	Slovenia	0,749	2.
Finland	Spain	0,748	2.
Israel	Austria	0,748	1.
France	Switzerland	0,746	2.
Estonia	Luxembourg	0,746	2.
Estonia	Russia	0,746	3.
Croatia	Hungary	0,744	4.
Ireland	Croatia	0,744	4
Denmark	Austria	0,743	2.
Slovenia	Hungary	0,743	2.
Belgium	Netherlands	0,743	2.
Czech Republik	Ukraine	0,742	2.
Finland	Norway	0,741	2.
Croatia	Czech Republik	0,741	4.
Portugal	Turkey	0,740	2.
Germany	Iceland	0,739	2.
Poland	Czech Republik	0,738	2.
Israel	Russia	0,738	4.
Italy	Poland	0,738	2.
Israel	Spain	0,737	1.
UK	Slovenia	0,737	2.
Croatia	Latvia	0,737	4.
Austria	Portugal	0,737	2.
France	Spain	0,736	2.
Israel	Sweden	0,736	1.
Belgium	Croatia	0,736	4.
Latvia	Poland	0,736	4.
Ireland	Italy	0,735	2.
Germany	Israel	0,735	1.
Poland	Russia	0,733	3.
UK	Portugal	0,733	2.
Denmark	Netherlands	0,732	2.
Luxembourg	Sweden	0,732	2.
Denmark	Norway	0,730	2.
Italy	Spain	0,729	2.
Greek	Latvia	0,728	4.
Poland	Turkey	0,726	2.
Poland	Spain	0,726	2.
Spain	Cyprus	0,726	3.
Israel	Cyprus	0,725	4.
Ireland	Austria	0,725	2.
Ireland	Slovenia	0,725	2.
Germany	UK	0,725	2.
Ireland	Sweden	0,724	2.
Germany	Estonia	0,724	2.
Romania	Czech Republik	0,723	4.
Norway	Sweden	0,721	2.
Ireland	Czech Republik	0,719	2.
Ireland	Russia	0,718	3.
Estonia	Spain	0,718	2.
Israel	Netherlands	0,718	1.
UK	Hungary	0,718	2.
Finland	UK	0,718	2.
Germany	Portugal	0,717	2.
Slovenia	Turkey	0,716	2.
Portugal	Czech Republik	0,716	2.
Luxembourg	Norway	0,715	2.
UK	Slovakia	0,715	2.
Poland	Ukraine	0,714	2.
Denmark	Germany	0,712	2.
Netherlands	Spain	0,712	2.
Latvia	Czech Republik	0,711	4.
Netherlands	Czech Republik	0,711	2.
Portugal	Russia	0,711	3.
Croatia	Cyprus	0,710	4.
Israel	Croatia	0,710	4.
Sweden	Spain	0,710	2.
Spain	Hungary	0,709	2.
Norway	Czech Republik	0,708	2.
Iceland	Switzerland	0,708	2.
Finland	Sweden	0,707	2.
Israel	Turkey	0,707	4.
Israel	Ukraine	0,707	4.
Italy	Slovenia	0,707	2.
Belgium	Finland	0,706	2.
Estonia	Czech Republik	0,705	2.
Ireland	Portugal	0,704	2.
Croatia	Spain	0,703	4.
Finland	Austria	0,703	2.
Slovakia	Ukraine	0,702	2.
Romania	Turkey	0,702	4.
Netherlands	Austria	0,702	2.
Croatia	Ukraine	0,701	4.
Austria	Slovenia	0,701	2.
Finland	Ireland	0,699	2.
Greek	Poland	0,699	2.
Estonia	Croatia	0,698	4.
Germany	Czech Republik	0,697	2.
UK	Poland	0,697	2.
Belgium	Portugal	0,697	2.
UK	Czech Republik	0,696	2.
Denmark	Luxembourg	0,696	2.
Denmark	Sweden	0,695	2.
Luxembourg	Poland	0,692	2.
Austria	Sweden	0,691	2.
Estonia	Ukraine	0,690	2.
Germany	Netherlands	0,690	2.
UK	Norway	0,690	2.
Denmark	Finland	0,690	2.
Israel	Latvia	0,689	4.
Germany	France	0,689	2.
Germany	Sweden	0,688	2.
Austria	Hungary	0,685	2.
Portugal	Slovakia	0,685	2.
Croatia	Netherlands	0,685	4.
Portugal	Romania	0,683	4.
Austria	Cyprus	0,683	3.
Iceland	Austria	0,683	2.
Finland	Croatia	0,681	4.
Latvia	Ukraine	0,680	4.
Slovakia	Turkey	0,680	2.
Germany	Slovenia	0,679	2.
Denmark	Iceland	0,678	2.
Spain	Turkey	0,677	2.
Germany	Ireland	0,677	2.
Greek	Israel	0,677	1.
Latvia	Slovenia	0,676	4.
Croatia	Slovakia	0,675	4.
Greek	Portugal	0,675	2.
Sweden	Czech Republik	0,674	2.
Belgium	Denmark	0,674	2.
Spain	Ukraine	0,674	2.
Slovakia	Slovenia	0,673	2.
Greek	UK	0,672	2.
Croatia	Slovenia	0,672	4.
Italy	Portugal	0,671	2.
Finland	France	0,671	2.
Luxembourg	Slovakia	0,671	2.
Ireland	Turkey	0,671	2.
UK	Italy	0,670	2.
Ireland	Hungary	0,669	2.
Croatia	Norway	0,669	4.
Austria	Czech Republik	0,669	2.
Israel	Norway	0,669	1.
Switzerland	Slovenia	0,667	2.
Iceland	Luxembourg	0,665	2.
Luxembourg	Hungary	0,663	2.
Poland	Portugal	0,662	2.
France	Sweden	0,662	2.
Greek	Slovenia	0,661	2.
Netherlands	Slovenia	0,661	2.
Italy	Czech Republik	0,661	2.
Germany	Russia	0,660	3.
Finland	Poland	0,658	2.
Denmark	Switzerland	0,658	2.
Italy	Luxembourg	0,658	2.
Portugal	Ukraine	0,657	2.
Latvia	Romania	0,656	4.
Israel	Czech Republik	0,656	1.
Finland	Israel	0,655	1.
Greek	Slovakia	0,655	2.
UK	Russia	0,655	3.
Croatia	Switzerland	0,654	4.
Estonia	Latvia	0,653	4.
Latvia	Slovakia	0,653	4.
Denmark	UK	0,653	2.
Belgium	Cyprus	0,652	3.
Hungary	Cyprus	0,652	3.
Russia	Turkey	0,651	4.
UK	Switzerland	0,650	2.
Greek	Romania	0,649	4.
Israel	Poland	0,648	1.
Slovenia	Czech Republik	0,648	2.
Belgium	Czech Republik	0,648	2.
Austria	Russia	0,648	3.
Norway	Spain	0,647	2.
Czech Republik	Cyprus	0,647	4.
Germany	Norway	0,646	2.
France	Iceland	0,646	2.
Ireland	Norway	0,645	2.
Portugal	Sweden	0,644	2.
Russia	Cyprus	0,644	3.
Estonia	Austria	0,641	2.
Latvia	Portugal	0,640	4.
Finland	Switzerland	0,640	2.
Croatia	Romania	0,639	4.
France	Israel	0,638	1.
Germany	Cyprus	0,638	3.
France	Austria	0,638	2.
Israel	Switzerland	0,638	1.
Latvia	Cyprus	0,638	4.
Slovakia	Cyprus	0,636	3.
Sweden	Slovenia	0,636	2.
Slovenia	Cyprus	0,634	3.
France	Slovenia	0,633	2.
Portugal	Cyprus	0,633	3.
Sweden	Switzerland	0,633	2.
Denmark	Croatia	0,633	4.
Denmark	Czech Republik	0,632	2.
Poland	Slovenia	0,632	2.
Greek	Luxembourg	0,630	2.
Finland	Slovakia	0,629	2.
Estonia	UK	0,629	2.
Netherlands	Slovakia	0,628	2.
Portugal	Switzerland	0,628	2.
France	UK	0,624	2.
Austria	Poland	0,623	2.
Israel	Slovakia	0,621	4.
Netherlands	Poland	0,620	2.
Belgium	Greek	0,620	2.
Luxembourg	Turkey	0,620	2.
Norway	Poland	0,620	2.
Czech Republik	Turkey	0,619	2.
Croatia	Sweden	0,618	4.
Germany	Latvia	0,616	4.
Estonia	Portugal	0,616	2.
Belgium	Iceland	0,616	2.
Netherlands	Portugal	0,616	2.
Russia	Spain	0,615	3.
France	Ireland	0,615	2.
Estonia	Ireland	0,615	2.
Finland	Portugal	0,614	2.
Greek	Hungary	0,614	2.
Ireland	Switzerland	0,613	2.
UK	Turkey	0,613	2.
Germany	Poland	0,613	2.
Norway	Austria	0,612	2.
Norway	Portugal	0,611	2.
Netherlands	Switzerland	0,611	2.
Iceland	Spain	0,611	2.
Estonia	Poland	0,610	2.
Greek	Austria	0,610	2.
Turkey	Ukraine	0,609	2.
Germany	Hungary	0,608	2.
Italy	Ukraine	0,607	2.
Switzerland	Hungary	0,607	2.
Finland	Iceland	0,606	2.
UK	Latvia	0,606	4.
Estonia	Slovakia	0,606	2.
Belgium	Estonia	0,605	2.
Italy	Austria	0,605	2.
Poland	Cyprus	0,605	3.
Ireland	Latvia	0,605	4
Ireland	Ukraine	0,604	2.
Greek	Czech Republik	0,603	2.
Finland	Slovenia	0,602	2.
Belgium	Norway	0,598	2.
Belgium	Latvia	0,598	4.
Italy	Hungary	0,598	2.
Austria	Slovakia	0,598	2.
Denmark	Ireland	0,597	2.
France	Netherlands	0,597	2.
Germany	Ukraine	0,596	2.
France	Hungary	0,596	2.
UK	Iceland	0,594	2.
Denmark	Spain	0,593	2.
Iceland	Norway	0,593	2.
Luxembourg	Ukraine	0,591	2.
Estonia	Iceland	0,591	2.
Russia	Slovenia	0,591	3.
Finland	Ukraine	0,591	2.
Russia	Hungary	0,589	3.
UK	Ukraine	0,588	2.
Norway	Slovakia	0,587	2.
Estonia	Norway	0,587	2.
France	Portugal	0,586	2.
Austria	Turkey	0,586	2.
Sweden	Slovakia	0,586	2.
Netherlands	Hungary	0,585	2.
Norway	Ukraine	0,585	2.
Portugal	Hungary	0,583	2.
Finland	Russia	0,583	3.
Bulgaria	Ireland	0,583	3.
Israel	Romania	0,583	4.
Estonia	France	0,582	2.
Belgium	Poland	0,582	2.
Germany	Slovakia	0,581	2.
Iceland	Sweden	0,580	2.
Netherlands	Cyprus	0,579	3.
Germany	Italy	0,578	2.
Latvia	Turkey	0,578	4.
Germany	Turkey	0,577	2.
Bulgaria	UK	0,577	3.
Belgium	Italy	0,576	2.
Romania	Slovenia	0,576	4.
Estonia	Romania	0,576	4.
Denmark	Israel	0,575	1.
Belgium	Russia	0,573	3.
Bulgaria	Poland	0,569	3.
Latvia	Spain	0,569	4.
Greek	Ukraine	0,568	2.
Iceland	Czech Republik	0,567	2.
Iceland	Portugal	0,567	2.
Belgium	Slovakia	0,566	2.
Austria	Ukraine	0,564	2.
Belgium	Turkey	0,562	2.
Denmark	France	0,561	2.
France	Norway	0,561	2.
Bulgaria	Russia	0,560	3.
Latvia	Switzerland	0,559	4.
Sweden	Hungary	0,559	2.
Bulgaria	Estonia	0,558	3.
Estonia	Slovenia	0,557	2.
Czech Republik	Hungary	0,556	2.
Estonia	Netherlands	0,556	2.
Bulgaria	Slovakia	0,555	3.
France	Czech Republik	0,554	2.
Italy	Netherlands	0,553	2.
Estonia	Switzerland	0,551	2.
Bulgaria	Germany	0,550	3.
Denmark	Portugal	0,550	2.
Croatia	Turkey	0,549	4.
France	Croatia	0,548	4.
Finland	Latvia	0,548	4.
Slovakia	Hungary	0,547	2.
Denmark	Estonia	0,546	2.
Estonia	Israel	0,545	4.
Denmark	Poland	0,544	2.
Netherlands	Ukraine	0,543	2.
Iceland	Netherlands	0,543	2.
Switzerland	Cyprus	0,542	3.
Bulgaria	Portugal	0,541	3.
Ireland	Romania	0,540	4.
Norway	Russia	0,540	3.
Finland	Hungary	0,539	2.
Bulgaria	Croatia	0,538	4.
Switzerland	Czech Republik	0,538	2.
Estonia	Sweden	0,538	2.
Norway	Switzerland	0,538	2.
UK	Romania	0,538	4.
Germany	Greek	0,536	2.
Ukraine	Cyprus	0,535	3.
Netherlands	Russia	0,535	3.
Bulgaria	Austria	0,535	3.
Norway	Slovenia	0,534	2.
Slovenia	Ukraine	0,533	2.
France	Cyprus	0,532	3.
Finland	Italy	0,531	2.
Norway	Romania	0,531	4.
Romania	Hungary	0,530	4.
Norway	Cyprus	0,530	3.
Belgium	Bulgaria	0,530	3.
Greek	Netherlands	0,529	2.
Turkey	Cyprus	0,528	4.
Sweden	Cyprus	0,527	3.
Netherlands	Turkey	0,527	2.
Latvia	Netherlands	0,525	4.
Bulgaria	Hungary	0,525	3.
Poland	Sweden	0,523	2.
Greek	Switzerland	0,522	2.
Romania	Cyprus	0,521	4.
Switzerland	Turkey	0,519	2.
Estonia	Italy	0,517	2.
Poland	Switzerland	0,516	2.
Turkey	Hungary	0,515	2.
Netherlands	Romania	0,513	4.
Bulgaria	Spain	0,512	3.
Italy	Switzerland	0,510	2.
Bulgaria	Ukraine	0,509	3.
Denmark	Slovenia	0,507	2.
Bulgaria	Israel	0,505	4.
Sweden	Ukraine	0,505	2.
Estonia	Hungary	0,504	2.
Belgium	Ukraine	0,503	2.
Russia	Sweden	0,503	3.
Romania	Spain	0,499	4.
Bulgaria	Finland	0,499	3.
Finland	Cyprus	0,498	3.
Poland	Hungary	0,498	2.
Latvia	Norway	0,497	4.
Belgium	Romania	0,494	4.
Ireland	Iceland	0,493	2.
Iceland	Slovenia	0,492	2.
Bulgaria	Slovenia	0,492	3.
France	Poland	0,490	2.
Bulgaria	Latvia	0,490	4.
Norway	Turkey	0,488	2.
Germany	Romania	0,487	4.
Finland	Greek	0,484	2.
Denmark	Ukraine	0,482	2.
Estonia	Turkey	0,482	2.
Estonia	Cyprus	0,481	3.
France	Slovakia	0,481	2.
Bulgaria	Netherlands	0,480	3.
France	Greek	0,480	2.
Italy	Norway	0,477	2.
Russia	Switzerland	0,476	3.
Finland	Romania	0,474	4.
Finland	Turkey	0,473	2.
Denmark	Hungary	0,473	2.
Italy	Sweden	0,471	2.
Latvia	Sweden	0,470	4.
Bulgaria	Czech Republik	0,469	4.
Estonia	Greek	0,468	2.
Denmark	Slovakia	0,467	2.
Greek	Norway	0,462	2.
Denmark	Latvia	0,462	4.
Denmark	Cyprus	0,459	3.
Greek	Sweden	0,459	2.
Romania	Sweden	0,456	4.
France	Italy	0,455	2.
Denmark	Greek	0,455	2.
Switzerland	Slovakia	0,453	2.
Bulgaria	Greek	0,449	4.
Sweden	Turkey	0,449	2.
Iceland	Poland	0,449	2.
France	Turkey	0,447	2.
Bulgaria	Norway	0,447	3.
Denmark	Russia	0,446	3.
Bulgaria	Cyprus	0,445	3.
Iceland	Ukraine	0,441	2.
Denmark	Turkey	0,440	2.
France	Latvia	0,439	4.
Denmark	Italy	0,435	2.
Bulgaria	France	0,432	3.
France	Ukraine	0,431	2.
France	Russia	0,430	3.
Switzerland	Ukraine	0,427	2.
Ukraine	Hungary	0,426	2.
Romania	Switzerland	0,425	4.
Greek	Iceland	0,425	2.
Bulgaria	Sweden	0,422	3.
Norway	Hungary	0,422	2.
Denmark	Romania	0,414	4.
Iceland	Hungary	0,413	2.
Iceland	Turkey	0,407	2.
Bulgaria	Denmark	0,403	3.
Bulgaria	Switzerland	0,392	3.
France	Romania	0,389	4.
Bulgaria	Turkey	0,387	4.
Iceland	Slovakia	0,381	2.
Iceland	Italy	0,364	2.

Cultural Similarity

Cultural Similarity in Europeaccording to the Index on Cultural Similarity

Ordering according to cultural similarity

Cultural Similarity in Europe
according to the Index on Cultural Similarity