So far, we discussed methods of inferential statistics that focus on inferences for one or more population means. In the following sections we consider methods of inferential statistics that focus on inferences for population variances (or standard deviations). Recall, that the variance (\(\sigma^2\)) and standard deviation (\(\sigma\)) are measures of the variation and variability of a variable.

Citation

The E-Learning project SOGA-R was developed at the Department of Earth Sciences by Kai Hartmann, Joachim Krois and Annette Rudolph. You can reach us via mail by soga[at]zedat.fu-berlin.de.

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You may use this project freely under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Please cite as follow: Hartmann, K., Krois, J., Rudolph, A. (2023): Statistics and Geodata Analysis using R (SOGA-R). Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universitaet Berlin.