International Law


Bailey, Stephen. 1995. Rights in the Administration of Justice. In The International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and United Kingdom Law, edited by D. Harris and S. Joseph. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Balint, Jennifer L. 1996. The Place of Law in Adressing International Regime Conflicts. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 103-26.

Blake, Richard Cameron. 1998. The World's Law in one Country: The South Africa Constitutional Court's Use of Public International Law. South African Law Journal 115: 668-84.

Booysen, Hercules. 1997. The Administrative Law Implications of the "Customary International Law is Part of South African Law" Doctine. South African Yearbook of International Law 22: 48-62.

Botha, Neville. 1994. International law and the South African Interim Constitution. South African Public Law: 245-56.

Braude, Claudia, and Spitz, Derek. 1997. Memory and the Spectre of International Justice: A Comment on AZAPO. South African Journal on Human Rights 13: 269-82.

Brownlie, Ian. 1991. Principles of Public International Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Cassel, Douglass. 1996. Lessons from the Americas: Guidelines for International Response to Amnesties for Attrocities. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 197-229.

Dugard, John. 1971. International law is part of our law. South African Law Journal: 13-15.

Dugard, John. 1994. International Law: A South African Perspective. Kenwyn: Juta & Co.

Dugard, John. 1995. International Law and the "final" Constitution. South African Journal on Human Rights 11: 241-51.

Dugard, John. 1997a. Retrospective Justice: International Law and the South African Model. In Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies, edited by A.J. McAdams. Notre Dame, IN.: University of Notre Dame Press.

Dugard, John. 1997b. Is the Truth and Reconciliation Process Compatible with International Law? An Unanswered Question. South African Journal on Human Rights 13: 258-68.

Dugard, John. 1998. The South African Judiciary and International Law in the Apartheid Era. South African Journal on Human Rights 14: 110-126.

Dugard, John. 1999. Dealing with Crimes of a Past Regime: Is Amnesty Still an Option? The Third Manfred Lachs Memorial Lecture.

Enache-Brown, Colleen, and Fried, Ari. 1998. Universal Crime, Jurisdiction and Duty: The Obligation of aut dedere aut judicare in International Law. McGill Law Journal 43,3: 613-33.

Frowein, Jochen Abr., and Peukert, Wolfgang. 1996. Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention/ EMRK-Kommentar. Kehl, Straßburg, Arlington: N.P. Engel Verlag.

Goldman, Robert Kogod. 1988. International Law and Amnesty Laws. Human Rights Internet Reporter 12: 9-11.

Hammel, Frank A. 1993. Innerstaatliche Amnestien. Grundlagen und Grenzen aufgrund des internationalen Rechts. Frankfurt/M: Lang.

Hayner, Priscilla B. 1996. International Guidelines for the Creation and Operation of Truth Commissions: A Preliminary Proposal. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 173-80.

International, Commission of Jurists. 1992. Justice not Impunity. International Meeting on Impunity of Perpetrators of Gross Human Rights Violations. Geneva: ICJ.

Jessberger, Florian. 1996. Von der Pflicht des Staates Menschenrechtsverletzungen zu untersuchen. Kritische Justiz 29,3: 290-306.

Joinet, Louis. 1985. Study on Amnesty Laws and Their Role in the Safeguard and Promotion of Human Rights. Preliminary Report by Mr. Louis Joinet. Geneva: ECOSOC, Commission on Human Rights, Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. UN-Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1985/16.

Keightley, Raylene. 1996. Public International Law and the Final Constitution. South African Journal on Human Rights 12: 405-18.

Méndez, Juan E. 1997. Accountability for Past Abuses. Human Rights Quarterly 19: 255-82.

Meron, Theodor. 1987. Human Rights in Internal Strife: Their International Protection. Cambridge: Grotius.

Moellendorf, Darrel. 1997. Amnesty, Truth and Justice: Azapo. South African Journal on Human Rights 13: 283-91.

Morris, Madeline H. 1996. International Guidelines Against Impunity. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 27-39.

Motala, Ziyad. 1995. The Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act, the Constitution and International Law. The Comparative and Internativonal Law Journal of Southern Africa 28,3: 338-62.

Motala, Ziyad. 1996. The Constitutional Court's Approach to International Law and its Method of Interpretation in the 'Amnesty Decision': Intellectual Honesty or Political Expediency? South African Yearbook of International Law 21: 29

Nowak, Manfred. 1993. U.N. Convenant on Civil and Political Rights/ CCPR Commentary. Kehl, Strasbourg, Arlington: N. P. Engel Publishers.

Roht-Arriaza, Naomi, and Gibson, Lauren. 1998. The Developing Jurisprudence on Amnesty. Human Rights Quarterly 20: 843-85.

Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. 1996. Combating Impunity: Some Thoughts on the Way Forward. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 93-102.

Scharf, Michael P. 1996. The Letter of Law: The Scope of the International Obligation to Prosecute Human Rights Crimes. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 41-62.

Shaw, Malcom N. 1991. International Law. Cambridge: Grotius Publications.

Theissen, Gunnar. 1998. Amnesty for Apartheid Crimes? The South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission and International Law. Unpublished LL. M. Thesis, University of the Western Cape.

Tomuschat, Christian. 1998. International Crimes by States: An Endangered Species? In International Law: Theory and Practice: Essays in Honour of Eric Suy, edited by K. Wellens. The Hague: Nijhoff.

United, Nations. 1993. Progress report on the qustion of the inpunity of perpetrators of human rights violations by Mr. Guiss and Mr. Joinet. Geneva: ECOSOC, Commission on Human Rights, Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. UN-Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1993/6.

Wippmann, David, ed. 1998. International law and Ethnic Conflict. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.



Humanitarian Law


Bassiouni, M. Cherif. 1998. The Normative Framework of International Humanitarian Law: Overlaps, Gaps and Ambiguities. Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems 8,2: 199-275.

Borrowdale, Andrew. 1982. The Law of War in Southern Africa: The Growing Debate. Comparative and International Law Journal on Southern Africa 15: 41

Bothe, Michael. 1996. War Crimes in Non-International Armed Conflicts. In War Crimes in International Law, edited by Y. Dinstein and M. Tabory. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.

Cassese, Antonio. 1998. On the Current Trends Towards Criminal Prosecution and Punishment of Breaches of International Humanitarian Law. European Journal of International Law 9,1: 2-17.

De Wet, Erika. 1998. The Place of Punlic International Law in the New South African Constitutional Order: with Special Reference to International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. Recht in Afrika - Law in Africa,2: 207-34.

Domb, Fania. 1996. Treatment of war crimes in peace settlements? In War crimes - war crimes in international law, edited by Y. Dinstein and M. Tabory. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.

Dugard, John. 1976. SWAPO: The Jus as Bellum and the Jus In Bello. South African Law Journal 93: 144

Dugard, John. 1988. Soldiers or Terrorist? The ANC and the SADF Compared. South African Journal on Human Rights 3: 221

Fenrick, William J. 1999. Should Crimes Against Humanity Replace War Crimes? Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 37,3: 767-85.

Fleck, Dieter, ed. 1994. Handbuch des humanitären Völkerrechts in bewaffneten Konflikten. München: C.H. Beck.

Green, Leslie C. 1998. "Grave Breaches" or Crimes Against Humanity? Journal of Legal Studies 8: 19-33.

Greenwood, Christopher. 1996. International Humanitarian Law and the Tadic Case. European Journal of International Law 7: 265

Hess, Martin. 1985. Die Anwendbarkeit des humanitären Völkerrechts, insbesondere bei gemischten Konflikten. Zürich: Schulthess.

Higginbotham, Michael F. 1987. International Law, the Use of Force in Self-Defence, and the Southern African Conflict. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 25: 529

Koenig, Christian. 1988. Der nationale Befreiungskrieg im modernen humanitären Völkerrecht. Ein Beitrag zum Geltungsumfang des Artikels 1 Absatz 4 des I. Zusatzprotokolles von 1977 zu den Genfer Konventionen von 1949. Frankfurt/M.: Lang.

Kwakwa, Edward. 1988. The Namibian Conflict: A Discussion of the Ius ad Bellum and the Ius in Bello. New York Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law 9: 195

Kwakwa, Edward. 1992. The International Law of Armed Conflict: Personal and Material Fields of Application. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publ.

McCormack, Timothy L. H., ed. 1997. The Law of War Crimes: National and International Approaches. The Hague: Kluwer.

Meron, Theodor. 1989. Human Rights and Humanitarian Law as Customary Law. Oxford: Clarendon.

Meron, Theodor. 1995. The International Criminalisation of Internal Atrocities. American Journal of International Law 89: 554

Müllerson, Rein. 1997. International Humanitarian Law in Internal Conflicts. Journal of Armed Conflict Law 2: 109

Murray, Christina. 1984. The Status of the ANC and SWAPO and International Humanitarian Law. South African Law Journal: 402

O'Shea, Andreas. 1997. Should Amnesty be Granted to Individuals Who Are Guilty of Grave Breaches of Humanitarian Law? - A Reflection in the Constitutional Court's Apporach. Human Rights and Constitutional Law Journal of Southern Africa 1,4: 24-30.

Quaye, Christopher O. 1991. Liberation Struggles in International Law. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Reynolds, Sarnata. 1998. Deterring and Preventing Rape and Sexual Slavery During Periods of Armed Conflict. Law & Inequality 16,2: 601-32.

Roberts, Adam. 1984. What is Military Occupation? British Yearbook of International Law 55: 249

Sandoz, Yves, Swinarski, Christophe, and Zimmermann, Bruno, eds. 1987. Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949. Geneva: Martinuus Nijhoff Publishers.

Tanaka, Toshiyuki. 1996. Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II. Oxford: Westview Press.

Turns, David. 1995. War Crimes without War? The Applicability of International Humanitarian Law to Atrocities in Non-International Armed Conflicts. African Journal of International and Comparative Law 7: 804

Warner, Daniel, ed. 1997. Human Rights and Humanitarian Law: The Quest for Universality. The Hague: Nijhoff Publishers.

Wilson, Heather A. 1988. International Law and the Use of Force by National Liberation Movements. Oxford: Clarendon.



International Criminal Law


Ambos, Kai. 1996a. Amnestierung von Menschenrechtsverletzungen in Lateinamerika aus völkerstrafrechtlicher Sicht. Verfassung und Recht in Übersee 29,4: 465-85.

Ambos, Kai. 1996b. "Impunidad", Makrokriminalität und Völkerstrafrecht: Zu Ausmaß, Ursachen und Grenzen der weltweiten Straflosigkeit von Menschenrechtsverletzungen. Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft 79,4: 355-70.

Ambos, Kai. 1997a. Straflosigkeit von Menschenrechtsverletzungen. Zur "impunidad" in südamerikanischen Ländern aus völkerstrafrechtlicher Sicht. Freiburg: Edition Iuscrim.

Ambos, Kai. 1997b. Impunity and International Criminal Law. A Case Study on Columbia, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina. Human Rights Law Journal 18,1-4: 1-15.

Ambos, Kai. 1998. Zur strafbefreienden Wirkung des "Handelns auf Befehl" aus deutscher und völkerstrafrechtlicher Sicht. Juristische Rundschau,6: 221-26.

Ambos, Kai. 1999a. Der Fall Pinochet und das anwendbare Recht. Juristenzeitung,1: 16-24.

Ambos, Kai. 1999b. Völkerrechtliche Bestrafungspflichten bei schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen. Archiv des Völkerrechts 37: 318-56.

Bantekas, Ilias. 1999. The Contemporary Law of Superior Responsibility. American Journal of International Law 93,3: 573-95.

Bassiouni, M. Cherif, ed. 1986. International Criminal Law. Volume I: Crimes. Dobbs Ferry: Transnational Publishers.

Bassiouni, M. Cherif, ed. 1987. International Criminal Law. Volume III: Enforcement. Dobbs Ferry: Transnational Publishers Inc.

Bassiouni, M. Cherif. 1996a. Searching for Peace and Achieving Justice: The Need for Accountability. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 9-28.

Bassiouni, M. Cherif. 1996b. International Crimes: Jus Cogens and Obligatio Erga Omnes. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 63-74.

Bassiouni, M.C., & Morris, M.H.e. (1996). Accountability for International Crime and Serious Violations of Fundamental Human Rights. Law and Contemporary Problems, 59: (4). 1-283.

Becker, Astrid. 1996. Der Tatbestand des Verbrechens gegen die Menschlichkeit: Überlegungen zur Problematik eines völkerrechtlichen Strafrechts. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.

Bock, Petra and Wolfrum, Edgar, eds. 1999. Umkämpfte Vergangenheit: Geschichtsbilder, Erinnerung und Vergangenheitspolitik im internationalen Vergleich. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Rupprecht.

Cassese, Antonio. 1998. On the Current Trends Towards Criminal Prosecution and Punishment of Breaches of International Humanitarian Law. European Journal of International Law 9,1: 2-17.

Chesterman, Simon. 1997. Never Again ... and Again: Law, Order, and the Genderof War Crimes in Bosnia and Beyound. The Yale Yournal of International Law 22,2: 299-343.

Clark, Roger S. 1986. The Crime Against Apartheid. In International Criminal Law, edited by M.C. Bassiouni. Dobbs Ferry: Transnational Publishers.

Costi, Alberto. 1998. Is There an Obligation to Prosecute or Extrdite Alleged Intrenational Criminals under Customary International Law. Paper presented at the "1998 Proceedings" conference, Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law

Dugard, John and Van den Wyngaert, Christine, eds. 1996. International Criminal Law and Procedure. Darthmouth Pub.

Dugard, John, and Van den Wyngaert, Christine. 1998. Reconciling Extradition with Human Rights. American Journal of International Law 92: 187-212.

Edelenbosch, Carla. 1994. Human Rights Violations - A Duty to Prosecute? Leiden Journal of International Law 7,2: 5-22.

Fenrick, William J. 1999. Should Crimes Against Humanity Replace War Crimes? Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 37,3: 767-85.

Folz, Hans-Ernst, and Soppe, Martin. 1996. Zur Frage der Völkerrechtmäßigkeit von Haftbefehlen gegen Regierungsmitglieder anderer Staaten. Neue Zeitschrift für Strafrech 16,12: 576-83.

Ginsburgs, V. N. K. 1991. The Nuremberg Trial and International-Law.

Hankel, Gerd and Stuby, Gerhard eds, eds. 1995. Strafgericht gegen Menschenrechtsverbrechen. Zum Völkerstrafrecht 50 Jahre nach den Nürnberger Prozessen. Hamburg: Hamburger Edition.

Hebel, Herman von. 1993. An International Tribunal for the Former Yougoslavia. Netherlands Quarterly on Human Rights ?,11: ?-?

Höffe, Otfried. 1998. More Reasons for an Intercultural Criminal Law : A Philosophical Attempt. Ratio Juris 11,3: 206-27.

Hoogh, André de. 1996. Obligations erga omnes and International Crimes: A Theoretical Inquiry into the Implementation and Enforcement of the International Responsibility of States. The Hague: Kluwer.

In re Pinochet. (1999). United Kingdom House of Lords. 38, (p. 430

Joyner, Christopher C. 1996. Arresting Impunity: The Case for Universal Jurisdiction in Bringing War Criminals to Accountability. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 153-72.

Kokott, Juliane. 1987. Völkerrechtliche Beurteilung des argentinischen Gesetzes Nr. 23.521 über die Gehorsamspflicht. Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 47,3: 506-36.

Kritz, Neil J. 1996. Coming to Terms with Attrocities: A Review of Accountability Mechanisms for Mass Violations of Human Rights. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 127-52.

Maaß, Ulrich. 1999. Zur Tätigkeit der Zentralstelle im Lande Nordrhein-Westfalen für die Bearbeitung von nationalsozialistischen Massenverbrechen bei der Staatsanwaltschaft Dortmund. Humanitäres Völkerrecht 12,1: 51-55.

McCormack, Timothy L. H. 1997. Selective Reaction to Atrocity: War Crimes and the Development of International Criminal Law. Albany Law Review 60,3: 681-732.

McCormack, Timothy L. H., ed. 1997. The Law of War Crimes: National and International Approaches. The Hague: Kluwer.

Meron, Theodor. 1995. The International Criminalisation of Internal Atrocities. American Journal of International Law 89: 554

Meron, Theodor. 1996. The Continuing Role of Custom in the Formation of International Law. American Journal of International Law 90,238

Meron, Theodor. 1998. Is International Law Moving Towards Criminalization? European Journal of International Law 9,1: 18-31.

Morris, Madeline H. 1996. International Guidelines Against Impunity: Facilitating Accountability. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 29-40.

Müllerson, Rein. 1997. International Humanitarian Law in Internal Conflicts. Journal of Armed Conflict Law 2: 109

Muther, Thomas F. 1995. The Extradition of International Criminals: A changing Perspective. Denver Journal of International Law & Policy 24,1: 221-28.

Nagan, Winston P., and Albrecht, Lawrence G. 1988. Judicial Executions and Individual Responsibility under International Law: The Case of the Sharpeville Six. United Nations Centre Against Apartheid/ Notes and Documents,6: 1-9.

Neumann, Inge S. 1978. European War Crimes Trials. Westport, Conn: Greenwood.

Nino, Carlos S. 1991. The Duty to Punish Past Abuses of Human Rights Put Into Context. The Case of Argentina The Yale Law Journal 100,8: 2619-40.

Oehler, Dietrich. 1983. Internationales Strafrecht. Köln, Berlin, Bonn, München: Carl Heymanns Verlag KG.

Olson, James Stuart, and Roberts, Randy. 1998. My Lai: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford Books.

Orentlicher, Diane F. 1991a. Settling Accounts: The Duty to Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior Regime. The Yale Law Journal 100,8: 2537-615.

Orentlicher, Diane F. 1991b. A Reply to Professor Nino. The Yale Law Journal 100,8: 2641-43.

Osofsky, Hari M. 1997. Domesticating International Criminal Law: Bringing Human Rights Violators to Justice. The Yale Law Journal 107,1: 191-226.

Paust, Jordan J. 1996. International Criminal Law: Cases and Materials. Durham: Carolina Academic Press.

Ratner, Steven R. 1998. The Schizophrenias of International Criminal Law. Texas International Law Journal 33,1: 237-56.

Reisman, W. Michael. 1999. Legal Responses to Genocide and Other Massive Violations of Human Rights. Law and Contemporary Problems 59,4: 75-80.

Roht, Arriaza. 1990. State Responsibility to Investigate and Prosecute Grave Human Rights Violations in International Law. California Law Review 78: 451-513.

Roht-Arriaza, Naomi, ed. 1995. Impunity and Human Rights in International Law and Practice. NewYork: Oxford University Press.

Sandoz, Yves, Swinarski, Christophe, and Zimmermann, Bruno, eds. 1987. Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949. Geneva: Martinuus Nijhoff Publishers.

Scharf, Michael P. 1996. Swapping amnesty for peace: Was there a duty to prosecute international crimes in Haiti? Texas International Law Journal 31,1: 1-41.

Sharp, Walter Gary Sr. 1997. International Obligations to Search For and Arrest War Criminals: Government Failure in the Former Yugoslavia. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 7,2: 411-60.

Simpson, Gerry J. 1997. Didactic and Dissident Histories in War Crimes Trials. Albany Law Review 60,3: 801-339.

Sonnevend, Pal. 1996. Verjährung und völkerrechtliche Verbrechen in der Rechtsprechung des ungarischen Verfassungsgerichts. Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 57,1: 195-228.

Sunga, Lyal S. 1997. The Emerging System of International Criminal Law: Developments in Codification and Implementation. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.

Tanaka, Toshiyuki. 1996. Hidden Horrors: Japanese War Crimes in World War II. Oxford: Westview Press.

Triffterer, Otto. 1997. Gewalt und Völkerstrafrecht : Ein neues Gewaltmonopol zur Bekämpfung von Gewalt? In Gewalt und Recht, edited by J.J. Hagen. Frankfurt/M.:

Tutorow, Norman E., ed. 1986. War Crimes, War Criminals and War Crime Trials. New York: Greenwood.

Van den Wyngaert, Christine, ed. 1996. International Criminal Law: A Collection of International and European Instruments. The Hague: Kluwer.

Werle, Gerhard. 1997. Menschenrechtsschutz durch Völkerstrafrecht. Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft 109,4: 808-29.

Wilson, Richard J. 1999. Prosecuting Pinochet: International Crimes in Spanish Domestic Law. Human Rights Quarterly 21,4: 927-79.

Wu, Timothy, and Kang, Yong-Sung Jonathan. 1997. Criminal Liability for the Actions of Subordinates: The Doctrine of Command Responsibility and its Analogues in United States Law. Harvard International Law Journal 38,1: 272-97.

Crimes Against Humanity


Amnesty International. Anonymous. United Kingdom: The Pinochet Case - Universal Jurisdiction and the Absence of Immunity for Crimes Against Humanity. Amnesty International. (1999). EUR 45/01/99,

Bassiouni, M. Cherif. 1999. Crimes against Humanity in International Law. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.

Becker, Astrid. 1996. Der Tatbestand des Verbrechens gegen die Menschlichkeit: Überlegungen zur Problematik eines völkerrechtlichen Strafrechts. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.

Coleman, Max, ed. 1998. A Crime Against Humanity. Claremont, Bellville, Johannesburg: Human Rights Committee.

Fenrick, William J. 1999. Should Crimes Against Humanity Replace War Crimes? Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 37,3: 767-85.

Ferstman, Carla J. 1997. Domestic Trials for Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity: The Example of Rwanda. African Journal of International and Comparative Law 9,4: 857-77.

Green, Leslie C. 1998. "Grave Breaches" or Crimes Against Humanity? Journal of Legal Studies 8: 19-33.

Hamalengwa, M. 1994. The Death Penalty in the Context of Commission of Crimes Against Humanity in South Africa. Social Justice 18,1/2: 95-103.

Hwang, Phyllis. 1988. Defining Crimes Against Humanity in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Fordham International Law Journal 22,2: 457-504.

Lippman, Matthew. 1997. Crimes Against Humanity. Boston College Third World Law Yournal 17,2: 171-273.

Moshan, Brook Sari. 1998. Women, War, and Words: The Gender Component in the Permanent International Criminal Court's Definition of Crimes Against Humanity. Fordham International Law Journal 22,1: 154-84.

Permanent, People's Tribunal. 1991. Proceedings on Impunity for Crimes against Humanity in Latin America. Bogota:

Robinson, Darryl. 1999. Defining "Crimes Against Humanity" at the Rome Conference. American Journal of International Law 93,1: 43-56.

Schabas, William A. 1997. War crimes, crimes against humanity and the death penalty. Albany Law Review 60,3: 733-70.

Van Schaack, Beth. 1999. The Definition of Crimes Against Humanity: Resolving the Incoherence. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 37,3: 787-850.

Wexler, Leila Sadat. 1995. Reflections on the Trial of Vichy Collaborator Paul Touvier for Crimes against Humanity in France. Law and Social Inquiry 20,1: 191-221.







International Criminal Court, International Criminal Tribunals


Ahlbrecht, Heiko. 1999. Geschichte der völkerrechtlichen Strafgerichtsbarkeit im 20. Jahrhundert: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der völkerrechtlichen Straftatbestände und der Bemühungen um einen Ständigen Internationalen Strafgerichtshof. Baden-Baden: Nomos.

Akhavan, Payam. 1997. Justice and Reconciliation in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: The Contribution of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 7,2: 325-48.

Alvarez, José E. 1999. Crimes of States / Crimes of Hate: Lessons from Rwanda. The Yale Yournal of International Law 24,2: 365-483.

Arbour, Louise. 1998. Investigating War Crimes - A Permanent International Criminal Court Needs An Independent And Effective Prosecutor. Armed Forces Journal International 135,7: 46

Arsanjani, Mahnoush H. 1999. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. American Journal of International Law 93,1: 22-42.

Askin, Kelly D. 1999. Sexual Violence in Decisions and Indictments of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Tribunals: Current Status. American Journal of International Law 93,1: 97-123.

Ball, Howard. 1999. Prosecuting War Crimes and Genocide: The Twentieth-Century Experience. University Press of Kansas.

Bassiouni, M. Cherif. 1996. The Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Irvington on Hudson, NY: Transnational Publishers.

Beigbeder, Yves, and Van Boven, Theo. 1999. Judging War Criminals: The Politics of International Justice. St. Martins Press.

Cassese, Antonio. 1999. The Statute of the International Criminal Court: Some Preliminary Reflections. European Journal of International Law 10: 144-71.

Dworkin, Anthony. 1996. The World in Judgement: Do International War Crimes Tribunals Help or Hinder National Reconciliation? Index of Censorship 25,5: 137-44.

Fox, H. 1993. An International Tribunal for War-Crimes - Will the UN Succeed Where Nuremberg Failed. WORLD TODAY 49,10: 194-97.

Gaeta, Paola. 1999. The Defence of Superior Orders: The Statute of the International Criminal Court versus Customary International Law. European Journal of International Law 10: 172-91.

Goldstone, Richard J. 1996. Justice As a Tool for Peace-Making: Truth Commissions and International Criminal Tribunals. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics 28,3: 485-503.

Greenwood, Christopher. 1996. International Humanitarian Law and the Tadic Case. European Journal of International Law 7: 265

Hall, Christopher Keith. 1998a. The Fifths Session of the UN Prepatory Commitee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court. American Journal of International Law 92: 331-39.

Hall, Christopher Keith. 1998b. The Sixth Session of the UN Prepatory Commitee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court. American Journal of International Law 92: 548-57.

Harhoff, Frederik. 1997. Consonance or Rivalry? Calibrating the Efforts to Prosecute War Criminals in National and International Tribunals. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 7,2: 571-96.

Harris, Marshall Freeman, Hitchner, R. Bruce, and Scharf, Michael P. 1999. Making Justice Work: The Report of the Century Foundation / Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Apprehending Indicated War Criminals. Brookings Institution Press.

Heath, Johan William. 1999. Journey over "Strange Ground": From Demjanjuk to the International Criminal Court Regime. Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 13,3: 383-407.

Hesse, Carla and Post, Robert, eds. 1999. Human Rights in Political Transitions: Gettysburg to Bosnia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Hwang, Phyllis. 1988. Defining Crimes Against Humanity in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Fordham International Law Journal 22,2: 457-504.

Ignatieff, Michael. 1996. Articles of Faith. Index of Censorship 25,5: 110-122.

Kirsch, Philippe, and Holmes, John T. 1999. The Rome Conference on an International Criminal Court: The Negotiating Process. American Journal of International Law 93,1: 2-11.

Krass, Caroline D. 1994. Bringing the Perpetrators of Rape in the Balkans to Justice: Time for an International Criminal Court. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 22,2 3: 317-74.

Kreß, Claus. 1999. Die Kristallisation eines Allgemeinen Teils des Völkerrechts: Die Allgemeinen Prinzipien des Strafrechts im Statut des Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes. Humanitäres Völkerrecht 12,1: 4-10.

La Haye, Eve. 1999. The Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court: Controversies over the Preconditions for Exercising its Jurisdiction. Netherlands International Law Review 46,1: 1-25.

Linton, Suzannah. 1999. Reviewing the Case of Drazen Erdemovic: Unchartered Waters at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Leiden Journal of International Law 12,1: 251-70.

Minow, Martha. 1998. Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History after Genocide and Mass Violence. Boston: Beacon Press.

Morris, Madeline H. 1997. The Trials of Concurrent Jurisdiction: The Case of Rwanda. Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law 7,2: 349-74.

Morris, Virginia, and Scharf, Michael P. 1995. An Insider's Guide to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Irvington on Huson, NY: Transnational Publishers.

Morris, Virginia, and Scharf, Michael P. 1997. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Irvington on Hudson, NY: Transnational Publishers.

Moshan, Brook Sari. 1998. Women, War, and Words: The Gender Component in the Permanent International Criminal Court's Definition of Crimes Against Humanity. Fordham International Law Journal 22,1: 154-84.

Murphy, Sean D. 1999. Progress and Jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. American Journal of International Law 93,1: 57-98.

Neier, A. 1998. Waiting for Justice. The United States and the International Criminal Court. WORLD POLICY J 15: 33-37.

O'Flaherty, Michael and Gisvold, Gregory, eds. 1998. Post-War Protection of Human Rights in Bosnia and Herzogovina. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.

Ratner, Steven R., and Abrams, Jason S. 1997. Accountability for Human Rights Attrocities in International Law. Beyond the Nuremberg Legacy. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Robinson, Darryl. 1999. Defining "Crimes Against Humanity" at the Rome Conference. American Journal of International Law 93,1: 43-56.

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