**[ [[cqp:introduction|Collection: Introduction to CQP]] ]**

===== Formulating Complex Queries – Solutions ===== 

==== Exercise 1 ==== 

''[class="ADJ"][hw="snow|rain" & class="SUBST"]'' (82 matches)

''[pos="AJ."][hw="snow|rain" & pos="NN."]'' (63 matches)

==== Exercise 2 ==== 

''[word="going" %c][hw="to"][class="VERB"]'' (1583 matches)

==== Exercise 3 ==== 

''[pos="XX0"][word="about"][word="to"]'' (6 matches) 

==== Exercise 4 ==== 

The exact name of the of the value of the structural attribute is ''W:ac:medicine''. 

This query should return **61 matches** in the BNC-BABY:
''[hw="heart"] :: match.text_genre="W:ac:medicine"'' 

**Which common constructions can be seen in the matches?** 

From a cursory look at the concordance, one could see that “heart failure” is common in //medical texts//, whereas constructions such has "her heart sank", "her heart leaped", "her heart dropped" seem more common in //prose//. 

==== Exercise 5 ==== 

There are two ways to match past participles via pos-tags in the BNC-BABY, as the CLAWS-5 tagset differentiates between the past participle of the verbs //to have// ''VHN'', //to be// ''VBN'' and //to do// ''VDN'' and the participle of "lexical verbs" ''VVN'', i.e. all others.  

Depending on whether you included the past participles of non-lexical verbs or not, you might end up with either one of the constructions. 

''[hw="have"][pos="VVN"]'' (22699 matches)

''[hw="have"][pos="VVN|VHN|VBN|VDN"]'' (33527 matches) 

To generate a frequency list of lemmas in the participle slot: ''count Last by word %c on match[1]''

The frequency list of the first query: 

	4541    got  
	808     gone  
	590     seen  
	477     come  
	476     made  
	441     taken  
	391     said  
	304     become  
	229     given  
	225     told 

The frequency list of the second query: 

	8822    been  
	4541    got  
	1155    had  
	850     done  
	808     gone  
	590     seen  
	477     come  
	476     made  
	441     taken  
	391     said 

==== Exercise 6 ==== 

This query may have to be adjusted gradually, these are possible ways to start out: 

''[hw="drive"][pos="PNP|NP0"]'' (92 matches)

''[hw="drive"][class="SUBST"][class="ADJ"]'' (53 matches)


The previous queries match too many sentences that aren’t instantiations of the constructions. This is a possible way to narrow it down to people in the noun slot. Note that ''PNP'' is the pos-tag for personal pronouns and ''NP0'' is the pos-tag for proper nouns, like //Michael// or //NHS//: 

''[hw="drive"][pos="PNP|NP0"][class="ADJ"]'' (13 matches)

**Which of the construction’s slots remain the same, which are variable?**

The lemma //drive// stays the same, the host-class is adjective. Note, however, that this query would not match instantiations like "driving me bananas".

**What is the meaning of the construction?**

To cause someone to "lose their mind", as it were, to be angry or upset. 

==== Exercise 7 ==== 

Query for //venomous//: ''[hw="venomous"][class="SUBST"]'' (91 matches)

Frequency list for //venomous//: 

	count Last by hw on match[1]
	
	18	snake  
	7 	animal  
	5 	attack  
	4 	bite  
	3 	look  
	3 	shot  
	3 	spine  
	2 	creature  
	2 	dart  
	2 	glance  

Query and frequency list for //toxic// (956 matches):

	[hw="toxic"][class="SUBST"] 
	
	286	waste  
	80	chemical  
	46	substance  
	45	shock  
	43	effect  
	28	gas  
	26	fume  
	16	material  
	16	metal  
	15	emission  

Query and frequency list for //poisonous// (290 matches):

	[hw="poisonous"][class="SUBST"] 
	
	31	gas  
	15	snake  
	13	plant  
	13	substance  
	10	chemical  
	9 	waste  
	8 	animal  
	7 	creature  
	6 	fume  
	5 	atmosphere  
	4 	bite  
	4 	secretion  

**Compare lists. What differences do you see?**

  - //venoumous// tends to occur with animals or animal-related words 
  - //toxic// tends to occur with substances and inanimate objects 
  - //poisonous// tends to occur with both substances and animals

==== More exercises ====

Continue here: [[cqp:repetition-operators|6b. Queries with Repetition Operators (RegEx)]].