====== Tagsets: CLAWS 7 ====== 

The CLAWS 7 tagset is used, for example, in the 2014 version of the British National Corpus (BNC 2014), and in the Corpus of Historical American English (COCA) and Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). However, the latter two corpora contain some modifications to and errors in the tagset, so please consult the page [[corpora:tagset-claws7-coxa|Tagsets: CLAWS 7 (COCA/COHA version)]].

^ Tag ^ Description ^
| APPGE | possessive pronoun, pre-nominal (//my//, //your//, //his//, //her//, //its//, //our//, //their//) |
| AT | article (e.g. //the//, //no//) |
| AT1 | singular article (e.g. //a//, //an//, //every//) |
| BCL | before-clause marker (e.g. //in order (that)//, //in order (to)//; see comment about "ditto tags" at the end of the list!) |
| CC | coordinating conjunction (e.g. //and//, //or//) |
| CCB | adversative coordinating conjunction (//but//) |
| CS | subordinating conjunction (e.g. //if//, //because//, //unless//, //so//, //for//) |
| CSA | //as// (when used as conjunction) |
| CSN | //than// (when used as a conjunction) |
| CST | //that// (when used as a conjunction) |
| CSW | //whether// (when used as a conjunction) |
| DA | after-determiner or post-determiner capable of pronominal function (e.g. //such//, //former//, //same//) |
| DA1 | singular after-determiner (e.g. //little//, //much//) |
| DA2 | plural after-determiner (e.g. //few//, //several//, //many//) |
| DAR | comparative after-determiner (e.g. //more//, //less//, //fewer//) |
| DAT | superlative after-determiner (e.g. //most//, //least//, //fewest//) |
| DB | before determiner or pre-determiner capable of pronominal function (//all//, //half//) |
| DB2 | plural before-determiner (//both//) |
| DD | determiner (capable of pronominal function) (e.g //any//, //some//) |
| DD1 | singular determiner (e.g. //this//, //that//, //another//) |
| DD2 | plural determiner (//these//, //those//) |
| DDQ | wh-determiner (//which//, //what//) |
| DDQGE | wh-determiner, genitive (//whose//) |
| DDQV | wh-ever determiner (//whichever//, //whatever//) |
| EX | existential there |
| FO | formula |
| FU | unclassified word |
| FW | foreign word (e.g. //de//, //la//, //aqua//, //chakra//) |
| GE | germanic genitive marker - (' or'//s//) |
| IF | //for// (when used as a preposition) |
| II | general preposition (all prepositions except //for//, //of//, //with//, //without//) |
| IO | //of// (when used as a preposition) |
| IW | //with//, //without// (when used as a prepositions) |
| JJ | general adjective (e.g. //good//, //nice//, //lovely//, //different//) |
| JJR | general comparative adjective (e.g. //better//, //nicer//) |
| JJT | general superlative adjective (e.g. //best//, //nicest//) |
| JK | catenative adjective (//able// in //be able to//, //willing// in //be willing to//) |
| MC | cardinal number, neutral for number (//two//, //three//, //sixteen//, ...) |
| MC1 | singular cardinal number (//one//) |
| MC2 | plural cardinal number (e.g. //sixes//, //sevens//, //twenties//) |
| MCGE | genitive cardinal number, neutral for number (//two's//, //100's//) |
| MCMC | hyphenated number (//5-10//, //1914-1918//) |
| MD | ordinal number (e.g. //first//, //second//, //next//, //last//) |
| MF | fraction, neutral for number (e.g. //quarters//, two-//thirds//) |
| ND1 | singular noun of direction (e.g. //north//, //southwest//) |
| NN | common noun, neutral for number (e.g. //people//, //staff//, //tuna//, //aircraft//, //series//, //ethics//) |
| NN1 | singular common noun (e.g. //horse//, //girl//, //love//, //democracy//) |
| NN2 | plural common noun (e.g. //horses//, //girls//, //democracies//) |
| NNA | following noun of title (e.g. //M.A.//) |
| NNB | preceding noun of title (e.g. //Mrs.//, //Prof.//) |
| NNL1 | singular locative noun (e.g. //Lake//, //Street//, //Hill//) |
| NNL2 | plural locative noun (e.g. //Lakes//, //Streets//, //Hills//) |
| NNO | numeral noun, neutral for number (e.g. //dozen//, //hundred//) |
| NNO2 | numeral noun, plural (e.g. //hundreds//, //thousands//) |
| NNT1 | temporal noun, singular (e.g. //day//, //week//, //year//) |
| NNT2 | temporal noun, plural (e.g. //days//, //weeks//, //years//) |
| NNU | unit of measurement, neutral for number (e.g. //mm//, //sec//) |
| NNU1 | singular unit of measurement (e.g. //millimetre//, //second//) |
| NNU2 | plural unit of measurement (e.g. //ins.//, //feet//) |
| NP | proper noun, neutral for number (e.g. //Philippines//, //Mercedes//) |
| NP1 | singular proper noun (e.g. //Europe//, //BBC//, //Sarah//) |
| NP2 | plural proper noun (e.g. //Himalayas//, //Beatles//, //Tudors//) |
| NPD1 | singular weekday noun (e.g. //Friday//) |
| NPD2 | plural weekday noun (e.g. //Fridays//) |
| NPM1 | singular month noun (e.g. //September//) |
| NPM2 | plural month noun (e.g. //Septembers//) |
| PN | indefinite pronoun, neutral for number (//none//) |
| PN1 | indefinite pronoun, singular (e.g. //anyone//, //everything//, //nobody//, //one//) |
| PNQO | objective wh-pronoun (//whom//) |
| PNQS | subjective wh-pronoun (//who//) |
| PNQV | wh-ever pronoun (//whoever//) |
| PNX1 | reflexive indefinite pronoun (//oneself//) |
| PPGE | nominal possessive personal pronoun (e.g. //mine//, //yours//) |
| PPH1 | 3rd person sing. neuter personal pronoun (//it//) |
| PPHO1 | 3rd person sing. objective personal pronoun (//him//, //her//) |
| PPHO2 | 3rd person plural objective personal pronoun (//them//) |
| PPHS1 | 3rd person sing. subjective personal pronoun (//he//, //she//) |
| PPHS2 | 3rd person plural subjective personal pronoun (//they//) |
| PPIO1 | 1st person sing. objective personal pronoun (//me//) |
| PPIO2 | 1st person plural objective personal pronoun (//us//) |
| PPIS1 | 1st person sing. subjective personal pronoun (//I//) |
| PPIS2 | 1st person plural subjective personal pronoun (//we//) |
| PPX1 | singular reflexive personal pronoun (e.g. //yourself//, //itself//) |
| PPX2 | plural reflexive personal pronoun (e.g. //yourselves//, //themselves//) |
| PPY | 2nd person personal pronoun (//you//) |
| RA | adverb, after nominal head (e.g. //ago//, //am//, //pm//) |
| REX | adverb introducing appositional constructions (//namely//, //i.e.//) |
| RG | degree adverb (//very//, //so//, //too//) |
| RGQ | wh- degree adverb (//how//) |
| RGQV | wh-ever degree adverb (//however//) |
| RGR | comparative degree adverb (//more//, //less//) |
| RGT | superlative degree adverb (//most//, //least//) |
| RL | locative adverb (e.g. //somewhere//, //forward//, //upstairs//) |
| RP | prep. adverb, particle (e.g //up//, //out//, //back//) |
| RPK | prep. adv., catenative (e.g. //about// in //be about to//) |
| RR | general adverb (e.g. //just//, //actually//, //always//) |
| RRQ | wh- general adverb (//where//, //when//, //why//, //how//) |
| RRQV | wh-ever general adverb (//wherever//, //whenever//) |
| RRR | comparative general adverb (e.g. //more//, //better//, //earlier//) |
| RRT | superlative general adverb (e.g. //most//, //best//, //earliest//) |
| RT | quasi-nominal adverb of time (e.g. //now//, //tomorrow//) |
| TO | infinitive marker (//to//) |
| UH | interjection (e.g. //oh//, //yes//, //um//) |
| VB0 | //be//, base form (finite i.e. imperative, subjunctive) |
| VBDR | //were// |
| VBDZ | //was// |
| VBG | //being// |
| VBI | //be//, infinitive (e.g. in //I'll be wrapped around your finger//, //to be honest//) |
| VBM | //am// |
| VBN | //been// |
| VBR | //are// |
| VBZ | //is// |
| VD0 | //do//, base form (finite) |
| VDD | //did// |
| VDG | //doing// |
| VDI | //do//, infinitive (e.g. in //I could do...//, //To do...//) |
| VDN | //done// |
| VDZ | //does// |
| VH0 | //have//, base form (finite) |
| VHD | //had// (past tense) |
| VHG | //having// |
| VHI | //have//, infinitive |
| VHN | //had// (past participle) |
| VHZ | //has// |
| VM | modal auxiliary (//can//, //will//, //would//, etc.) |
| VMK | modal catenative (//ought//, //used//) |
| VV0 | base form of lexical verb (e.g. //say//, //love//) |
| VVD | past tense of lexical verb (e.g. //said//, //loved//) |
| VVG | -ing participle of lexical verb (e.g. //saying//, //loving//) |
| VVGK | -ing participle catenative (//going// in //be going to//) |
| VVI | infinitive (e.g. //to say...//, //I will always love you...//) |
| VVN | past participle of lexical verb (e.g. //given//, //worked//) |
| VVNK | past participle catenative (e.g. //bound// in //be bound to//) |
| VVZ | -//s// form of lexical verb (e.g. //says//, //loves//) |
| XX | //not//, //n't// |
| ZZ1 | singular letter of the alphabet (e.g. //A//, //b//) |
| ZZ2 | plural letter of the alphabet (e.g. //A's//, //b's//) |
| ! | punctuation tag - exclamation mark |
| " | punctuation tag - quotation marks |
| ( | punctuation tag - left bracket |
| ) | punctuation tag - right bracket |
| , | punctuation tag - comma |
| - | punctuation tag - dash |
| . | punctuation tag - full-stop |
| ... | punctuation tag - ellipsis |
| : | punctuation tag - colon |
| ; | punctuation tag - semi-colon |
| ? | punctuation tag - question-mark |

**Ditto Tags**

The CLAWS 7 tagset uses so-called “ditto” tags for certain sequences of tokens that are analyzed as belonging to a single lexical unit. For example, //in terms of// is analyzed as a preposition (in CLAWS 5, by comparison, it is analyzed as a sequence of a preposition, a noun and another preposition).

In such cases, all words are given the same tag (in the case of //in terms of// the tag ''IN'' for //preposition//) followed by two digits: the first one specifying the length of the sequence, the second one specifying the position of the element in the sequence, for example

	in/II31 terms/II32 of/II33
	at_RR21 length_RR22 |
	a_DD21 lot_DD22

This is unfortunate, as it forces analytical decisions on us that are not at all uncontroversial, but we have to live with it!