World Agriculture: Trends & Indicators, 1961-91--North America and Australia and New Zealand (updated 1/94) ************************************************************************ This data product is available on: 1.44MB, DOS-compatible, 3.5" diskette(s), stock #89024A, $25 CD-ROM, (earlier version of data only), stock #93050, $150 from: ERS-NASS, 340 Victory Drive, Herndon, VA 22070 Call 1-800-999-6779 or 1-703-834-0125. ERS-NASS accepts MasterCard and Visa or will bill you for a 10% surcharge. Note: Data distributed with this product may include both published and unpublished statistics in the public domain. Distribution in this form does not imply U.S. Department of Agriculture approval of a particular data series or statistic, nor does the Department attest to their accuracy. Moreover, the Economic Research Service makes no warranty that data supplied in this form are either accurate transcriptions from source materials or appropriate for a particular user purpose. ************************************************************************ For questions concerning the use or interpretation of these data, please contact: Project Coordinator Francis Urban (202) 786-1705 Statistical Coordinator Computer Systems Ray Nightingale Kenneth King Tamara Karas (202) 219-0705 (202) 219-0602 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This product is a result of team effort in the Markets and Competition Branch, Agricultural Trade and Analysis Division, working with others in the Economic Research Service. In addition to those named above, the following team members participated in the design of the project data and computer systems and the preparation of statistical series: Sean Jepson, Andrew Kerns, Tammy Hall, Philip Brent, Samuel Calhoun, and Timothy Baxter. The WATI system was designed to serve as a basic reference, providing reliable, up-to-date, and internationally comparable performance indicators of world, region, and individual country economies and agriculture. Apart from the care taken regarding data quality, particular attention has been paid to data comparability. This information is used in ERS in the preparation of timely studies to support policy analyses and to answer daily requests for information from policy makers, the academic and business communities, and the general public. WATI provides aggregate information for the world, geographic regions, and individual countries on principal macroeconomic indicators, consumption indicators, factors of production, agricultural production indices, area, yield, and production of principal crops, livestock yields and production, and agricultural trade. Depending on country data availability, the system lists between 150 and 184 indicators per country. The 159 individual countries account for well over 99 percent of world population, agricultural production, or trade. This generally includes all countries with the population of 500,000 or more. The West Bank is not included, even with an estimated 1993 population of over 1.4 million, because the United Nations provides no statistics for the territory and other sources show only very limited information for it. Gaza strip is included, even though it has a smaller population (about 700,000) than the West Bank. Luxembourg, with a population of 379,000, is listed with Belgium because FAO provides statistics for the two countries together as Belgium-Luxembourg. The statistical series and those used to compute indices and indicators, as well as already computed statistical measures, come from a variety of sources. These sources include the United States Deparment of Agriculture, Bureau of the Census of the U.S. Department of Commerce, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, the United Nations and other, as indicated in the section below on Data Definitions and Sources. These series have been selected because of their usefulness as performance indicators, consistency over time, and comparability across countries. In the interest of providing a comprehensive and comparative picture of country and regional agricultural economies, we reproduce some information also included in the FAO's Country Tables and the World Bank's World Tables. Such repetitions cannot be avoided. There is no doubt that the information provided here can be improved to better measure the performance of world, regional, and individual country economies and agriculture. Any suggestion in this regard would be welcome by ERS. REGIONAL COUNTRY GROUPINGS North America: Canada, Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon, United States Australia and New Zealand. FILE INDEX Files on these diskettes are named ***.WK1, where *** is the file name from the list below: Country/region File name ------------------- --------- North America namerica Canada canada United States usa Australia austrlia New Zealand newzeal Australia & New Zealand aus-nz DATA DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES The world, regional, and country indicators use the same definitions and are based on the same sources except where noted below. World and Regional aggregates . . . World and Regional aggregates are sums or weighted averages of country data over regions identified in "Countries Included in Regional Groupings". These aggregates are excluded wherever required country data are missing. Growth rates . . . . . . . . . . . All growth rates are compounded rates from the preceding indicated period. Thus growth rate for 1970 are for the period 1965-70. Macroeconomic Indicators --------------------------------- Population . . . . . . . . . . . . Total population. World Population by Country and Region, 1950-90 and Projections to 2050. Francis Urban & Ray Nightingale. USDA/ERS. Staff Report No. AGES 9306. April 1993 Agricultural population . . . . . All persons depending on agriculture for their livelihood, whether economically active or dependents. FAO, Production Yearbook computer tape. Population/square kilometer of total area . . . . . . . . . . . Total population divided by total area. Total area from FAO, Production Yearbook computer tape. Total labor force . . . . . . . . Percentage of total adult population employed full time. FAO, Production Yearbook computer tape. Agricultural labor force . . . . . Percentage of total economically active population. FAO, Production yearbook computer tape. Gross national product (GNP) . . . All goods and services produced domestically, plus net foreign trade. Total GNP is in current dollars and is calculated by multiplying per caput GNP by population. World Bank, World Tables 1992. GNP per caput . . . . . . . . . . . Per caput GNP as calculated in World Bank. World Bank, World Tables 1992. Gross domestic prod.(GDP) 87 US$. . Per caput GDP in 1987 U.S. dollars multiplied by population. Population from World Bank, World Tables 1992. GDP per caput in 1987 US$ . . . . Gross domestic product per caput in 1987 U.S. dollars. Computed by ERS from World Bank's World Tables 1992. GDP in 1987 local currency was converted to 1987 U.S. dollars using the 1987 average exchange rate. GDP in 1987 local currency. . . . . GDP in constant local prices, World Bank, World Tables 1992. GDP growth rate . . . . . . . . . . Average annual growth of GDP in constant local prices. World Bank, World Tables 1992. GDP in agriculture . . . . . . . . Percentage of gross domestic product (GNP less foreign trade) that is generated in the agricultural sector. World Bank, World Tables 1992. Gross domestic investment/GDP . . . Gross domestic investment over gross domestic product, both in constant local currency. World Bank, World Tables 1992. Gross domestic savings/GDP. . . . . Gross domestic savings over gross domestic product, both in constant local currency. World Bank, World Tables 1992. Government deficit|surplus/GDP . . Government deficit or surplus over gross domestic product, both at current local prices. World Bank, World Tables 1992. Government expenditures/GDP . . . . Government expenditures over gross domestic product, both at current local prices. World Bank, World Tables 1992. GNP (world) . . . . . . . . . . . . Total gross national product in 1990 US dollars. U.S. Government sources. Consumer Price Index . . . . . . . The ratio of the current level of consumer prices to the base period level (1985=100)(countries only). IMF, International Financial Statistics computer tape. Energy consumption . . . . . . . . Aggregate annual consumption of energy in oil equivalent. U.N. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs data disk. Energy consumption per person/year. Energy consumption divided by total population. Energy consumption per $1,000 GNP . Energy consumption divided by GNP. Exchange rate . . . . . . . . . . . National currency per U.S. dollar averaged over the year. IMF, International Financial Statistics computer tape. Total external debt . . . . . . . . Total debt stocks, including public and private quaranteed, private non-guaranteed, IMF credit and short-term debt. Computed from World Bank, World Tables 1992. Debt service . . . . . . . . . . . Total debt service (principal and interest) on long-term debt, IMF repurchases and charges and interest on short term debt. Computed from World Bank, World Tables 1992. Debt service ratio . . . . . . . . Ratio of debt service to exports of goods and services. Computed from World Bank, World Tables 1992. Treasury bills rate . . . . . . . . Short-term rate at which government debt is issued or traded, period averages in percent per annum (countries only). IMF, International Financial Statistics, various yearbooks. Government bonds yield. . . . . . . Longer-term yields of government bonds, average yields to maturity in percent per annum (countries only). IMF, International Financial Statistics various yearbooks. LIBOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The London interbank offer rate on US$ deposits, 3 month period averages in percent per annum (World only). IMF, International Financial Statistics, various yearbooks. Consumption Indicators --------------------------------- Per capita utilization of cereals . Gross utilization of all cereals (accounting for stocks and trade, including feed use) divided by population. USDA/FAS. Production, Supply, and Distribution (P.S.&D.) computer data base. Calorie intake . . . . . . . . . . Average calorie intake per person per day. FAO, Food Balance Sheets computer tape. Protein intake . . . . . . . . . . Average protein intake per person per day. FAO, Food Balance Sheets computer tape. Share of food in personal consumption expenditures . . . . . Ratio of aggregate expenditures on food as a portion of aggregate personal consumption expenditures. USDA/ERS, U.S. and World Food, Beverages, and Tobacco Expenditures. Larry Traub, Electronic Products #86014, 1993. Factors of Production (FAO, Production Yearbook computer tape) -------------------------------------------------------------- Total land . . . . . . . . . . . . Total area in country, including water bodies. Arable and permanent cropland . . . Arable land includes land under temporary crops, temporary meadows, kitchen or garden land, and land temporarily fallow. Permanent cropland refers to land that is not planted after each harvest (for example, fruit, rubber, and other trees; excludes land used for timber). Permanent pastures . . . . . . . . Land used for permanent forage crops for 5 or more years. Irrigated area . . . . . . . . . . Land area that is purposefully provided with water. Agricultural labor force/1000 hec . Ratio of the economically active agricultural labor force to arable and permanent cropland. Tractors/1,000 hectares . . . . . . Ratio of tractors in use to arable and permanent cropland. Tractors/1000 agriculture workers . Ratio of tractors in use to economically active labor force in agriculture. Fertilizer use/ha. . . . . . . . . Ratio of total fertilizer use in nutrient content equivalent (nitrogen, phosphate, and potash) per hectare of arable and permanent cropland. Production Values, in 1979-81 international dollars. (FAO, Production Yearbook computer tape) --------------------------------------------------------------------- Total agricultural production . . . Total value of current agricultural output. Includes food and nonfood output (fibers, hides and skins, rubber, and tobacco). Total food production . . . . . . . Total value of food output. Total crop production . . . . . . . Total value of crop output. Total cereals. . . . . . . . . . Total value of cereals output. Total pulses . . . . . . . . . . Total value of pulses output. Total primary oilcrops . . . . . Total value of primary oilcrops. Total roots and tubers . . . . . Total value of roots and tubers. Total livestock production . . . . Total value of livestock output. Crop production per hectare . . . Total value of crop production divided by arable and permanent cropland. Agricultural production/agricultural worker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total value of agricultural output divided by the agricultural labor force. Production Indices, 1979-81 = 100, (FAO, Production Yearbook computer tape) --------------------------------------------------------------------- Total agriculture . . . . . . . . . Index of the value of current total agricultural output to the base period. Agricultural output defined as above. Total agriculture/caput . . . . . . Index of the value of current total agricultural output per person (total population) to the base period. Total food . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of the value of current total food output to the base period. Food output excludes output of agricultural commodities not consumed by humans (wool, rubber, and others). Total food/caput . . . . . . . . . Index of the value of current total food output per person (total population) to the base period. Total crop . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of the current value of total crop production to the base period. Crop production defined as above. Total livestock . . . . . . . . . . Index of the current value of total livestock production to the base period. Livestock production defined as above. Crop production/hectare . . . . . Index of total value of crop production divided by arable and permanent cropland to the base period. Agricultural production/agriculture worker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of total value of agricultural output divided by the agricultural labor force to the base period. Production Quantities, Area, and Yields. (FAO, Production Yearbook computer tape) ------------------------------------------------------------------- Cereals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Includes all cereals listed below, plus any other cereals produced in small quantities. Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . All kinds and grades. Rye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All kinds and grades. Rice, paddy . . . . . . . . . . All kinds and grades (paddy basis). Corn (maize) . . . . . . . . . . All kinds and grades. Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . All kinds and grades. Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All kinds and grades. Sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . All kinds and grades. Millet . . . . . . . . . . . . . All kinds and grades. Soybeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prior to processing. Rapeseed . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prior to processing. Cottonseed . . . . . . . . . . . . Seed separated from cotton lint prior to processing; may be derived from ginning rates for some countries. Peanuts, in shell . . . . . . . . . Prior to processing. Sunflower . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prior to processing. Palm oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prior to processing. Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Centrifugal, raw. Roots and tubers . . . . . . . . . Includes potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava (manioc), taros, yams, and other. Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Includes dry beans, dry broad beans, dry peas, chick-peas, lentils, cow peas, and vetch. Fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Includes watermelon, cantaloupes, melon, grapes, dates, apples, pears, peaches, nectarines, plums, oranges, lemons, limes mandarins, grapefruit, pineapples, bananas, plantains, mangos, papayas, apricots, avocados, strawberries, and raspberries. Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . Includes cabbages, artichokes, tomatoes, cauliflower, pumpkins, squash, gourds, cucumbers, gherkins, eggplants, chilies, peppers, onions, garlic, green beans, green peas, and carrots. Coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refers to green beans. Tea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dried tea leaves. Cocoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cocoa beans fermented and dried. Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco leaves. Meat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Production in dressed carcass weight, excluding offals and fats. Total production includes beef and veal, mutton and lamb, and buffalo, goat, pig, camel, horse, and poultry meats; also includes wild animals (rabbits, game, and others). Yields for meats listed below are in average dressed carcass weights. All data refer to livestock slaughtered within national boundaries, regardless of origin. Beef and veal . . . . . . . . . Dressed carcass weight for beef and veal. Mutton and lamb . . . . . . . . Dressed carcass weight for mutton and lamb. Pork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dressed carcass weight for pigmeat. Poultry . . . . . . . . . . . . All domestic birds on a ready-to-cook basis. Production in countries that do not report on ready-to-cook basis converted by FAO. U.S. data includes giblets; many countries do not specify if giblets are included. Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Includes cow, buffalo, sheep, and goat milk. Eggs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chicken eggs. Cotton lint . . . . . . . . . . . . Cotton lint separated from the seed. Wool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Greasy basis. Hides and skins . . . . . . . . . . Fresh weight. Cereal Stocks (World table only), USDA/FAS, P.S.& D. computer data base ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Total cereals . . . . . . . . . . . Sum of wheat, rice, rye, and coarse grains. Wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Other" is the difference between total wheat stocks and countries shown. Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Other" is the difference between total rice stocks and countries shown. Coarse grains. . . . . . . . . . Includes corn (maize), barley, oats, sorghum, millet, rye and mixed grains. "Other" is the difference between total coarse grains and the countries shown. World Stocks as percentage of use, World table only, (USDA/FAS, P.S. & D. computer data base) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Total cereals . . . . . . . . . . . Aggregate total cereal ending stocks as percentage of aggregate total cereal use. Wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aggregate total wheat ending stocks as percentage of aggregate total cereal use. Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aggregate total rice ending stocks as percentage of aggregate total cereal use. Coarse grains. . . . . . . . . . Aggregate total coarse grains ending stocks as percentage of aggregate total cereal use. Trade ----- Self-sufficiency ratios: Cereals . . . . . . . . . . . . Ratio of total cereal production (adjusting for stock changes) to domestic use (including trade and allowing for feed use). USDA/FAS, P.S.&D. computer data base. Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ratio of indigenous production of food divided by domestic consumption of food. Food is weighted in food energy (calorie) terms. FAO, Socioeconomic Indicators Related to the Agricultural Sector and Rural Development. Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . Ratio of the value of indigenous production divided by domestic consumption. FAO, unpublished computer printouts for Global Programming System, 1974-81; updated and partially published in AT 2000. July 1987. Value of total trade . . . . . . . All merchandise exports (f.o.b.) and imports (c.i.f.). IMF, International Financial Statistics computer tape. Trade balance . . . . . . . . . . . Net merchandise trade. Value of agricultural trade . . . . All agricultural exports (f.o.b.) and (c.i.f.), excluding fish and forestry products. FAO, Trade Yearbook computer tape. Imports from the United States . . Total merchandise imports from the United States; 1967-74, f.o.b.; 1975-91, c.i.f. U.N. trade data base, U.S. reporting basis. Exports to the United States . . . Total merchandise exports to the United States, f.o.b. U.N. trade data base, U.S. reporting basis. Agricultural imports from the United States . . . . . . . . . Total agricultural imports from the United States; 1967-74, f.o.b.; 1975-91, c.i.f. U.N. trade data base, U.S. reporting basis. Agricultural exports to the United States . . . . . . . Total agricultural exports to the United States, f.o.b. U.N. trade data base, U.S. reporting basis. International Prices (IMF, International Financial Statistics computer tape and Monthly Commodity Price Bulletin, UNCTAD, United Nations, unless otherwise noted. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. (gulf ports) f.o.b., No. 1 Hard Red Winter, ordinary protein, calendar year monthly average. Rice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thailand (Bangkok) F.O.B., white milled, 5-percent unbroken. Barley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canada c.i.f. to United Kingdom. FAO, Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics. Corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Chicago f.o.b., yellow # 2. Soybeans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. (Rotterdam) c.i.f. No. 2 bulk. Rapeseed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canada c.i.f. to EC. FAO, Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics. Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EC import price, c.i.f., No. 11 spot price and London daily. Oranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States (New York), f.o.b. California navel (USDA/ERS). Bananas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latin America (U.S. ports), c.i.f. fresh. Coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brazil (New York), unwashed, arabica, santos No. 4. Tea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sri Lanka (New York), standard, black in bulk. Cocoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York and London, average daily price. Beef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Australia (New York), f.o.b. Pork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EC pork, slaughter wholesale price, FAO, Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics. Poultry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal Republic of Germany, broilers, liveweight at farm, FAO, Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics. Cotton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States (10 markets) domestic grade. Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spot average crude price, US$/barrel. Urea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Any origin (Europe). Agricultural Trade, imports and exports. (FAO, Trade Yearbook computer tape) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Cereals and preparations . . . . . Includes wheat, rice, corn, barley, sorghum, millet, triticale, rye, and oats and their byproducts. Wheat and flour . . . . . . . . Includes both unprocessed wheat and wheat flour. Rice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milled rice only. Corn (maize) . . . . . . . . . . All grades. Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . All grades. Oilseeds and oilseed feed. . . . . Unprocessed oilseeds feeding stuffs from oil-seed and other crops below. Oilseeds . . . . . . . . . . . . Unprocessed seeds of groundnut, rape, soya, palm, cotton, sunflower, and others. Feedingstuffs. . . . . . . . . . Oilseed cake and meal. Vegetable oils . . . . . . . . . . Processed oils and fixed vegetable oils of soybeans, rape, maize, cottonseed, sunflower, peanuts, olives, coconuts, palm kernals, and others. Fibers: Wool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wool, clean and greasy. Cotton . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cotton lint. Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fibers less wool and cotton lint (includes hair, silk, flax, hemp, sisal, jute, and kapok). Tobacco and products . . . . . . . Includes both processed and unprocessed tobacco. Fruits, vegetables, and products . Fresh and processed, temperate and tropical fruits and vegetables including: roots and tubers, greens, peas & beans, tomatoes, onions, citrus, stone fruits, berries, bananas, apples, grapes, raisins, coconuts, pears, pineapples, dates, melons, figs, nuts, and many regional and exotic foods. Sugar and honey . . . . . . . . . . Includes raw centrifugal, non- centrifugal, refined, confectionary, molasses, syrups and honey. Beverages: Coffee, tea, cocoa and spices . . . All coffee grades, processed and unprocessed, cocoa bean products, and all varieties of tea, and spices, including: pepper, ginger, cinnamon, vanilla, etc. Other beverages . . . . . . . . . All alcoholic beverages, including wine and beer, and non-alcoholic beverages (such as mineral water). Live animals . . . . . . . . . . . Living animals used in dairy and meat production, including bovine cattle, sheep and goats, camels, pigs and fowl. Meat and meat preparations . . . . All meat products, including edible offals. Dairy products and eggs . . . . . . Includes milk of all dairy animals, processed dairy products, and eggs and egg products. Other agriculture products. . . . . Miscellaneous foods, animal fats, hides and skins, natural rubber, crude materials not elsewhere specified. Farm inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery, fertilizers, and pesticides. Tractors . . . . . . . . . . . . All tractors employed in agriculture. Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . Nitrogenous, phosphate, potash and other chemical fertilizers. Pesticides . . . . . . . . . . . All chemical pesticides. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 0 or - . . . . . . . . . Zero or negligeable (less than 0.05 of the unit) or, in come cases, does not apply. ... . . . . . . . . . . Data not available Mil. . . . . . . . . . . Million Bil.. . . . . . . . . . . Billion Ha . . . . . . . . . . . Hectare(s) Kg . . . . . . . . . . . Kilogram(s) Kg/ha . . . . . . . . . . Kilograms per hectare Kg/an . . . . . . . . . . Kilograms per animal MT . . . . . . . . . . . Metric ton(s) No. . . . . . . . . . . . Numbers Pct.. . . . . . . . . . . Percent $ . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. dollars Curr. $ . . . . . . . . . Current U.S. dollars Int. $ . . . . . . . . . International dollar: A value unit developed by FAO to avoid the use of exchange rates. Its purpose is to compute country and regional aggregates by using "international commodity prices." The method assigns a single world price to each commodity. For example, 1 ton of wheat has the same price in whichever country it is produced. Each price can be interpreted as a 1979-81 average of prices in different countries after converting them into a common currency unit. For the full definition, see Intercountry Comparisons of Agricultural Production Aggregates, FAO, Rome, 1986. CONVERSION CHART 1 hectare (ha). . . . . . . . . . 2.471 acres 1 kilogram (kg) . . . . . . . . . 2.2046 pounds 1 metric ton (MT) . . . . . . 2,204.6 pounds 1 kilometer (km). . . . . . . . . . 0.621 miles 1 square kilometer (sq. km) . . . . 0.38608 square miles